Part I. (8 points) Multiple-choice questions

Question 1: In which orbital does an electron in a phosphorus atom experience the greatest effective nuclear charge?

• A. 1s
• B. 2s
• C. 2p
• D. 3s

Question 2: Arrange $\text{F}$, $\text{Br}$, and $\text{Br}^-$ in order of increasing size.

• A. $\text{F} < \text{Br} < \text{Br}^-$
• B. $\text{Br}^- < \text{Br} < \text{F}$
• C. $\text{Br} < \text{F} < \text{Br}^-$
• D. $\text{Br} < \text{Br}^- < \text{F}$

Question 3: If the electron affinity for an element is a negative number, does it mean that the anion of the element is more stable than the neutral atom?

• A. Yes
• B. No

Question 4: What is the trend in first ionization energies as one proceeds down the Group 4A elements?

• A. unchanged
• B. not predictable
• C. increased
• D. decreased

Part II. (2 points) Long answer question

Question 5: Calculate the effective nuclear charge ($Z_{\text{eff}}$) of a valence electron of chlorine. Write equations that show the processes that describe the first, second, and third ionization energies of a chlorine atom. Which process would require the least amount of energy and why?